{"id":15670,"date":"2025-11-21T10:51:34","date_gmt":"2025-11-21T10:51:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/?p=15670"},"modified":"2025-11-21T10:51:36","modified_gmt":"2025-11-21T10:51:36","slug":"apa-itu-federal-reserve","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/academy\/apa-itu-federal-reserve\/","title":{"rendered":"Apa Itu Federal Reserve \u2013 Kuasa Sebenar Di Sebalik USD"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Apa Itu Federal Reserve \u2013 Kuasa Sebenar Di Sebalik USD<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ramai trader baru dengar istilah <strong>apa itu Federal Reserve<\/strong>, tapi tidak betul-betul faham mengapa institusi ini sangat berpengaruh dalam pasaran global. Secara ringkas, <strong>Federal Reserve<\/strong> ialah bank pusat Amerika Syarikat dan ia mengawal dasar monetari, kadar faedah, inflasi serta kestabilan kewangan, faktor yang memberi kesan langsung kepada forex, saham, emas dan sentimen global.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Apa Maksud Federal Reserve<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ramai juga tertanya-tanya <strong>apa maksud Federal Reserve<\/strong>. Secara mudah, maksud federal reserve merujuk kepada sebuah institusi kewangan rasmi yang diberi kuasa oleh kerajaan AS untuk mengurus dasar kewangan negara. Dalam bahasa mudah, Fed adalah:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Bank kepada bank-bank di Amerika Syarikat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rujukan utama kadar faedah global<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Pengawal inflasi di Amerika Syarikat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Penentu arah sentimen pasaran dunia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ramai trader forex memantau keputusan Fed kerana perubahan kecil dasar Fed boleh menggoncang USD, emas, saham dan kripto dalam sekelip mata.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Apa Itu The Fed?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Jika anda tertanya <strong>apa itu Fed<\/strong>, ia sebenarnya nama pendek untuk Federal Reserve. Trader seluruh dunia menggunakan istilah \u201cThe Fed\u201d kerana ia lebih ringkas dan biasa digunakan dalam berita ekonomi:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>\u201cThe Fed naikkan kadar faedah\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cFed kekalkan dasar monetari\u201d<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cFed beri kenyataan hawkish\/dovish\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Semua ini merujuk kepada keputusan bank pusat Amerika Syarikat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/11\/Apa-itu-Federal-Reserve-1024x585.png\" alt=\"Apa itu Federal Reserve\" class=\"wp-image-15673\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/11\/Apa-itu-Federal-Reserve-1024x585.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/11\/Apa-itu-Federal-Reserve-300x171.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/11\/Apa-itu-Federal-Reserve-768x439.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/11\/Apa-itu-Federal-Reserve.png 1434w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Apa Itu Fed? Struktur Federal Reserve<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Untuk benar-benar memahami <strong>apa itu Federal Reserve<\/strong>, anda perlu tahu bagaimana ia disusun. Fed terdiri daripada tiga komponen utama:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Board of Governors<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Board of Governors terdiri daripada <strong>7 ahli yang dilantik oleh Presiden Amerika Syarikat<\/strong>. Mereka bertanggungjawab membuat keputusan dasar utama, memantau sistem kewangan, dan menggubal peraturan untuk bank-bank di seluruh negara. Mereka juga mengetuai setiap mesyuarat penting Fed, menjadikan kumpulan ini \u201cotak\u201d kepada keseluruhan sistem Federal Reserve.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Federal Reserve Banks (12 cawangan)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Terdapat <strong>12 Federal Reserve Banks<\/strong> yang mewakili wilayah-wilayah utama di Amerika Syarikat seperti <strong>New York, Chicago, Dallas, San Francisco<\/strong> dan lain-lain. Setiap bank ini menjalankan fungsi operasi seperti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>mengedarkan mata wang,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>memantau bank komersial di kawasan mereka,<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>menyediakan laporan ekonomi wilayah, dan<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>menyokong pelaksanaan dasar monetari yang ditetapkan oleh Fed pusat.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Cawangan paling berpengaruh ialah <strong>New York Fed<\/strong>, kerana ia mengendalikan operasi pasaran terbuka dan transaksi kewangan berskala besar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. FOMC (Federal Open Market Committee)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Inilah komponen yang paling penting untuk trader. <strong>FOMC<\/strong> bertanggungjawab menetapkan <strong>kadar faedah<\/strong>, mengawal <strong>dasar monetari<\/strong>, dan mengeluarkan kenyataan <strong>hawkish atau dovish<\/strong> yang boleh menggerakkan USD, emas dan saham dalam beberapa minit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>FOMC mengadakan mesyuarat <strong>8 kali setahun<\/strong>, dan setiap mesyuaratnya adalah acara utama dalam forex kerana keputusan mereka menentukan arah pasaran global.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Tokoh Penting Dalam Federal Reserve: Siapa Jerome Powell?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Apabila bercakap tentang <strong>apa itu Federal Reserve<\/strong>, nama yang paling kerap muncul dalam berita kewangan ialah <strong>Jerome Powell<\/strong>. Beliau merupakan <strong>Pengerusi (Chairman) Federal Reserve<\/strong>, individu paling berpengaruh dalam menentukan kadar faedah, dasar monetari dan arah sentimen USD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Jerome Powell juga terkenal kerana hubungannya yang tegang dengan Donald Trump ketika era pentadbiran beliau. Trump pernah mengkritik Powell secara terbuka kerana tidak menurunkan kadar faedah seperti yang diharapkan, menjadikan Powell antara figura Fed yang paling banyak mendapat liputan media.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"728\" height=\"474\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/11\/Jerome-Powell.png\" alt=\"Jerome Powell\" class=\"wp-image-15674\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/11\/Jerome-Powell.png 728w, https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/11\/Jerome-Powell-300x195.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 728px) 100vw, 728px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Setiap kenyataan Powell, sama ada bernada hawkish atau dovish mampu menggerakkan USD, emas, saham dan kripto dalam beberapa minit. Sebab itu investor global sentiasa menunggu ucapan atau sidang media beliau selepas mesyuarat FOMC.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Fungsi Utama Federal Reserve<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Untuk memahami sepenuhnya <strong>apa itu Federal Reserve<\/strong>, anda perlu tahu fungsi utamanya.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Mengawal Kadar Faedah (Interest Rate)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Ini ialah fungsi paling penting Fed. Dengan menaikkan atau menurunkan kadar faedah, Fed boleh memperlahankan atau merangsang ekonomi. Apabila Fed <strong>menaikkan kadar faedah<\/strong>, pelabur global cenderung membeli USD kerana pulangan yang lebih tinggi. Ini biasanya menyebabkan pair seperti <strong>EURUSD, GBPUSD atau XAUUSD<\/strong> bergerak kuat. Sebaliknya, jika Fed <strong>menurunkan kadar faedah<\/strong>, kos pinjaman menjadi lebih murah dan USD cenderung melemah.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keputusan kadar faedah Fed selalunya menjadi penanda aras global, sama seperti bagaimana Malaysia menggunakan OPR dalam dasar monetari. Jika anda ingin memahami konsep setara di Malaysia, anda boleh baca artikel <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/academy\/apa-itu-opr\/\">Apa Itu OPR<\/a> untuk melihat bagaimana bank pusat mengawal ekonomi melalui kadar dasar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Mengawal Inflasi<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Fed bertanggungjawab memastikan inflasi kekal stabil. Jika harga barang naik terlalu cepat, Fed akan mengambil pendekatan <strong>hawkish<\/strong> dengan mengetatkan dasar, termasuk menaikkan kadar faedah atau mengurangkan suntikan kecairan. Langkah ini membantu mengekang kenaikan harga yang berlebihan dan melindungi kuasa beli rakyat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kerana Federal Reserve banyak memberi tumpuan kepada inflasi, trader juga perlu faham bagaimana inflasi mempengaruhi ekonomi. Untuk rujukan tambahan, anda boleh baca panduan lengkap Ultima Markets tentang <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/academy\/apa-itu-inflasi\/\">Apa Itu Inflasi<\/a> untuk memahami bagaimana tekanan harga terbentuk dan mengapa ia menjadi fokus utama Fed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>3. Menjaga Kestabilan Sistem Kewangan<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Fed juga bertindak sebagai \u201cpenyelamat kecemasan\u201d kepada institusi kewangan yang menghadapi tekanan. Sebagai contoh, ketika <strong>Krisis Kewangan 2008<\/strong>, Fed menyediakan pinjaman kecemasan dan program khas bagi mengelakkan kejatuhan sistem kewangan yang lebih besar. Fungsi ini memastikan pasaran kekal stabil walaupun dalam situasi ekstrem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>4. Mengawasi Bank Komersial<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Selain dasar monetari, Fed turut menyelia bank-bank komersial di Amerika Syarikat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Mereka mengenakan standard peraturan yang ketat bagi memastikan bank mempunyai modal mencukupi, mengamalkan pengurusan risiko yang baik, dan beroperasi dengan stabil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ini penting untuk melindungi pengguna serta mengurangkan risiko krisis perbankan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"481\" height=\"322\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/11\/Bangunan-Federal-Reserve-di-USA.png\" alt=\"Bangunan Federal Reserve di USA\" class=\"wp-image-15675\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/11\/Bangunan-Federal-Reserve-di-USA.png 481w, https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/11\/Bangunan-Federal-Reserve-di-USA-300x201.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 481px) 100vw, 481px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Bagaimana Keputusan Fed Mempengaruhi Forex?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Apabila menjelaskan tentang <strong>apa itu Federal Reserve<\/strong>, bahagian ini penting untuk trader.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Keputusan <strong>Federal Reserve<\/strong> sentiasa menjadi perhatian kerana USD ialah mata wang paling dominan dalam perdagangan global. Apa sahaja yang diumumkan oleh Fed, sama ada kadar faedah, kenyataan dasar atau unjuran ekonomi boleh menggerakkan pasaran dalam beberapa saat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1. Kadar Faedah: Pemacu Terbesar Pergerakan USD<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Kadar faedah ialah alat paling kuat Fed, dan inilah faktor utama yang menentukan arah USD dalam jangka pendek mahupun panjang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Fed naikkan kadar faedah = USD menguat<\/strong> <br>Pelabur akan beralih ke USD untuk mendapatkan pulangan lebih tinggi, menyebabkan major pairs seperti <strong>EURUSD, GBPUSD<\/strong> jatuh.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fed turunkan kadar faedah = USD melemah<\/strong> <br>Pelabur akan mencari aset lain yang menawarkan pulangan lebih baik, lalu USD menjadi kurang menarik.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Perubahan kecil sahaja dalam jangkaan kadar faedah kadang-kadang sudah cukup untuk mencetuskan pergerakan besar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2. Nada Hawkish vs Dovish Fed<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Menariknya, Fed tidak perlu menaikkan atau menurunkan kadar untuk menggerakkan pasaran. Nada ucapan mereka pun sudah cukup.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Nada hawkish<\/strong> <br>Mesej atau kenyataan yang memberi bayangan bahawa Fed mungkin menaikkan kadar faedah. USD akan menguat.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Nada dovish<\/strong> <br>Kenyataan yang menunjukkan Fed mungkin melonggarkan dasar. USD akan melemah.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Kebanyakan pergerakan besar berlaku bukan ketika keputusan dibacakan, tetapi ketika <strong>sidang media<\/strong> dan <strong>Q&amp;A Jerome Powell<\/strong>, kerana setiap perkataan boleh mengubah jangkaan pasaran.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Contoh Situasi Dalam Forex<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Bayangkan anda sedang trade <strong>XAUUSD (emas)<\/strong>. Jika Fed memberi kenyataan hawkish:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>USD menguat<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Permintaan untuk emas jatuh<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Harga emas biasanya turun dengan cepat<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Ramai trader baharu yang tidak mengikuti FOMC akan terperangkap kerana mereka tidak menjangka lonjakan volatiliti yang tiba-tiba.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Situasi yang sama berlaku pada pair seperti <strong>GBPUSD<\/strong>, <strong>USDJPY<\/strong> atau <strong>USDCAD<\/strong>, di mana pergerakan boleh mencecah ratusan pip dalam masa beberapa minit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"480\" height=\"318\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/11\/The-Federal-Reserve-Memberi-Impak-Kepada-USD.png\" alt=\"The Federal Reserve Memberi Impak Kepada USD\" class=\"wp-image-15676\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/11\/The-Federal-Reserve-Memberi-Impak-Kepada-USD.png 480w, https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/11\/The-Federal-Reserve-Memberi-Impak-Kepada-USD-300x199.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 480px) 100vw, 480px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Istilah Bank Pusat Yang Selalu Muncul Dalam Financial News<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Selepas belajar <strong>apa itu Federal Reserve<\/strong>, penting juga melihat bank pusat negara lain untuk memahami lebih lanjut topik ini.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Selain <strong>Fed<\/strong>, trader global juga akan jumpa banyak istilah bank pusat lain dalam berita ekonomi. Semua nama ini mewakili bank pusat utama dunia yang mempengaruhi mata wang global. Berikut ialah istilah paling penting yang trader perlu kenal:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Malaysia \u2013 Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Istilah:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>BNM<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bank Negara<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Peranan penting:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>BNM menentukan <strong>OPR (Overnight Policy Rate)<\/strong> dan laporan inflasi Malaysia. Walaupun BNM tidak sekuat Fed, keputusan mereka sangat penting untuk <strong>MYR (Ringgit)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Jepun \u2013 BOJ (Bank of Japan)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Istilah:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>BOJ<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bank of Japan<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kenapa <\/strong><strong>penting<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> BOJ sebelum ini terkenal dengan dasar ultra-dovish dan polisi Yield Curve Control (YCC) yang berpanjangan, walaupun sejak 2024 bank pusat itu mula keluar secara berperingkat daripada dasar ini. Keputusan BOJ sangat mempengaruhi <strong>JPY<\/strong>, terutamanya pair <strong>USDJPY<\/strong>, <strong>JPY Crosses (GBPJPY, EURJPY, AUDJPY)<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>United Kingdom \u2013 BOE (Bank of England)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Istilah:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>BOE<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bank of England<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kenapa <\/strong><strong>penting<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> BOE antara bank pusat tertua dunia dan sangat berpengaruh dalam pergerakan <strong>GBP<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Eurozone \u2013 ECB (European Central Bank)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Istilah:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>ECB<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>European Central Bank<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kenapa <\/strong><strong>penting<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> ECB mengurus mata wang <strong>EUR<\/strong>, mata wang kedua paling banyak didagangkan di dunia selepas USD. ECB sering mempengaruhi pair seperti:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>EURUSD<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>EURJPY<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>EURGBP<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"5\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Australia \u2013 RBA (Reserve Bank of Australia)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Istilah:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>RBA<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reserve Bank of Australia<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kenapa <\/strong><strong>penting<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> AUD sangat sensitif kepada kadar faedah RBA dan laporan ekonomi komoditi. Pair terkesan: <strong>AUDUSD, AUDJPY, AUDNZD<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"6\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>New Zealand \u2013 RBNZ (Reserve Bank of New Zealand)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Istilah:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>RBNZ<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Reserve Bank of New Zealand<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kenapa <\/strong><strong>penting<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> RBNZ antara bank pusat paling transparent. Keputusan mereka menggerakkan <strong>NZDUSD<\/strong> dan <strong>NZDJPY<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"7\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Switzerland \u2013 SNB (Swiss National Bank)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Istilah:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>SNB<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Swiss National Bank<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kenapa <\/strong><strong>penting<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> SNB terkenal kerana intervensi besar-besaran dalam pasaran CHF. Pair paling sensitif: <strong>USDCHF<\/strong> dan <strong>EURCHF<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"8\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Canada \u2013 BOC (Bank of Canada)<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Istilah:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>BOC \/ BoC<\/strong><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bank of Canada<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kenapa <\/strong><strong>penting<\/strong><strong>:<\/strong> BOC mempengaruhi pasaran komoditi kerana CAD berkait rapat dengan harga minyak dunia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Bank Pusat Dunia &amp; Singkatan Yang Trader Mesti Tahu<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Bank Pusat<\/td><td>Singkatan<\/td><td>Mata Wang<\/td><td>Negara \/ Wilayah<\/td><td>Pair Paling Terjejas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Federal Reserve<\/td><td>Fed<\/td><td>USD<\/td><td>Amerika Syarikat<\/td><td>EURUSD, GBPUSD, USDJPY, XAUUSD<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>European Central Bank<\/td><td>ECB<\/td><td>EUR<\/td><td>Zon Euro<\/td><td>EURUSD, EURJPY, EURGBP<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bank of Japan<\/td><td>BOJ<\/td><td>JPY<\/td><td>Jepun<\/td><td>USDJPY, GBPJPY, EURJPY<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bank of England<\/td><td>BOE<\/td><td>GBP<\/td><td>United Kingdom<\/td><td>GBPUSD, GBPJPY, EURGBP<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Swiss National Bank<\/td><td>SNB<\/td><td>CHF<\/td><td>Switzerland<\/td><td>USDCHF, EURCHF<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bank of Canada<\/td><td>BOC \/ BoC<\/td><td>CAD<\/td><td>Kanada<\/td><td>USDCAD, CADJPY<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reserve Bank of Australia<\/td><td>RBA<\/td><td>AUD<\/td><td>Australia<\/td><td>AUDUSD, AUDJPY<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reserve Bank of New Zealand<\/td><td>RBNZ<\/td><td>NZD<\/td><td>New Zealand<\/td><td>NZDUSD, NZDJPY<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>People\u2019s Bank of China<\/td><td>PBOC<\/td><td>CNY<\/td><td>China<\/td><td>USDCNH, AUDUSD (indirect)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bank Negara Malaysia<\/td><td>BNM<\/td><td>MYR<\/td><td>Malaysia<\/td><td>USD\/MYR (langsung), pair lain (sentimen Asia)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Monetary Authority of Singapore<\/td><td>MAS<\/td><td>SGD<\/td><td>Singapura<\/td><td>USDSGD, SGDJPY<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Reserve Bank of India<\/td><td>RBI<\/td><td>INR<\/td><td>India<\/td><td>USDINR (emerging market)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bank of Korea<\/td><td>BOK<\/td><td>KRW<\/td><td>Korea Selatan<\/td><td>USDKRW, KRWJPY<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Central Bank of Turkey<\/td><td>CBRT<\/td><td>TRY<\/td><td>Turki<\/td><td>USDTRY, EURTRY<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Hong Kong Monetary Authority<\/td><td>HKMA<\/td><td>HKD<\/td><td>Hong Kong<\/td><td>USDHKD (currency peg)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>FAQ: Soalan Lazim Tentang Apa Itu Federal Reserve (Fed)<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Apa beza Fed dengan FOMC?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Federal Reserve (Fed)<\/strong> ialah bank pusat Amerika Syarikat secara keseluruhan, manakala <strong>FOMC (Federal Open Market Committee)<\/strong> ialah bahagian dalam Fed yang membuat keputusan dasar monetari.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Peranan ringkas:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Fed:<\/strong> mengawal sistem kewangan, mengawasi bank, stabilkan ekonomi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>FOMC:<\/strong> tetapkan kadar faedah, QE (quantitative easing), QT, dan nada hawkish\/dovish.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"2\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Betul ke Fed boleh jatuhkan harga emas?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Ya. Fed berkuasa besar mempengaruhi harga emas, <strong>tapi tidak secara langsung<\/strong>. Kesan berlaku melalui <strong>kadar faedah USD<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cara ia berlaku:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Fed naikkan kadar faedah \u2192 USD menguat \u2192 emas menjadi kurang menarik \u2192 harga emas jatuh<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Fed turunkan kadar faedah \u2192 USD melemah \u2192 emas jadi alternatif \u2192 harga emas naik<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"481\" height=\"317\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/11\/Bank-Pusat-America-The-Federal-Reserve.png\" alt=\"Bank Pusat America - The Federal Reserve\" class=\"wp-image-15677\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/11\/Bank-Pusat-America-The-Federal-Reserve.png 481w, https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/11\/Bank-Pusat-America-The-Federal-Reserve-300x198.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 481px) 100vw, 481px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"3\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Mana lagi kuat: ECB atau Fed?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Dalam dunia forex, <strong>Fed jauh lebih berpengaruh<\/strong> berbanding <strong>ECB<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Sebab:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>USD terlibat dalam 88% transaksi forex global<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>USD ialah mata wang rizab dunia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ekonomi Amerika adalah yang terbesar di dunia<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Data AS (NFP, CPI, FOMC) paling banyak menggerakkan pasaran<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Namun, <strong>ECB tetap bank pusat kedua paling kuat<\/strong> kerana EUR ialah mata wang kedua paling banyak didagangkan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Ringkasnya: Fed (No.1) \u2192 ECB (No.2) \u2192 BOJ (No.3)<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"4\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Adakah Fed sama seperti Bank Negara Malaysia (BNM)?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Konsep sama, tetapi <strong>skala kuasa dan pengaruh berbeza besar<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Aspek<\/td><td>Fed<\/td><td>BNM<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Mata wang<\/td><td>USD<\/td><td>MYR<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pengaruh global<\/td><td>Sangat tinggi<\/td><td>Rendah ke sederhana<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Fokus dasar<\/td><td>Inflasi, kadar faedah, kewangan global<\/td><td>Inflasi &amp; kestabilan domestik<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Kesan pasaran<\/td><td>Forex global, saham, emas<\/td><td>USD\/MYR &amp; pasaran tempatan<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Fed boleh menggerakkan <strong>seluruh pasaran global<\/strong>, manakala BNM hanya memberi kesan besar kepada <strong>pasaran Malaysia<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"5\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Kenapa semua trader forex perlu ikut keputusan Fed?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Kerana hampir semua pair forex ada kaitan dengan USD, sama ada secara langsung atau tidak.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Contoh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>EURUSD<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>GBPUSD<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>USDJPY<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AUDUSD<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>USDCAD<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Malah pair yang tidak ada USD pun turut terkesan, seperti EURJPY atau GBPJPY sebab keputusan Fed mengubah sentimen global.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"6\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Bila biasanya Fed mengumumkan keputusan penting?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Fed (melalui FOMC) biasanya mengumumkan keputusan kadar faedah <strong>8 kali setahun<\/strong>, lazimnya pada waktu 2.00 AM \u2013 4.00 AM waktu Malaysia (bergantung musim). Trader biasanya standby waktu ini kerana volatiliti boleh meningkat 3\u201310x ganda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"7\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Apa maksud \u2018hawkish\u2019 dan \u2018dovish\u2019 bila Fed bersuara?<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Hawkish<\/strong> \u2192 Fed jangka naikkan kadar faedah \u2192 USD menguat \u2192 emas jatuh<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Dovish<\/strong> \u2192 Fed jangka turunkan kadar faedah \u2192 USD melemah \u2192 emas naik<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>Nada ucapan Fed kadang-kadang lebih menggerakkan pasaran daripada keputusan sebenar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kesimpulan &#8211; Fahami Apa Itu Federal Reserve<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Secara keseluruhannya, memahami <strong>apa itu Federal Reserve<\/strong>, <strong>maksud Federal Reserve<\/strong>, dan <strong>apa itu Fed<\/strong> adalah asas penting untuk semua trader forex dan pelabur global. Keputusan Fed mempengaruhi kadar faedah, USD, saham, emas dan hampir semua instrumen kewangan dunia. Jika anda mahu mengikuti analisis pasaran dan berita terkini tentang Fed dengan lebih mudah, <strong>Ultima Markets<\/strong> menyediakan Market Insights, analisis harian dan educational content untuk bantu anda memahami pergerakan pasaran dengan lebih jelas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ketahui apa itu Federal Reserve, fungsi, dan bagaimana keputusan Fed mempengaruhi USD, emas dan forex, serta peranan bank pusat utama dunia lain.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":53,"featured_media":15672,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":true,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,66,78],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15670","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-academy","category-academy-guide","category-academy-new-article"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.6) - 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