{"id":15378,"date":"2025-10-17T11:29:24","date_gmt":"2025-10-17T11:29:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/?p=15378"},"modified":"2025-10-17T11:32:20","modified_gmt":"2025-10-17T11:32:20","slug":"apa-maksud-ppp-purchasing-power-parity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/academy\/apa-maksud-ppp-purchasing-power-parity\/","title":{"rendered":"Apa Maksud PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Apa Maksud PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Pernah rasa pelik tak kenapa kopi RM10 di KL boleh rasa \u201cmurah\u201d di satu negara tapi \u201cmahal\u201d di negara lain bila ditukar mata wang? Sama juga dengan tambang e-hailing, langganan streaming, atau set nasi goreng, nilai rasa \u201cmahal\u201d tu berubah ikut tempat.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Di sinilah <strong>Maksud PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)<\/strong> masuk: ia bandingkan <strong>apa yang satu unit mata wang boleh beli<\/strong> di negara berbeza, jadi kita nampak gambaran yang lebih dekat dengan <strong>realiti kos hidup<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Contoh:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Langganan video \u201cPlan A\u201d RM35\/bulan di Malaysia. Di Negara X, plan setara mungkin RM70 bila ditukar ke ringgit. PPP kata: kuasa belian pengguna Malaysia untuk item tu lebih tinggi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sepinggan nasi goreng RM8 di kampung, RM18 di bandar besar \u2014 beza lokasi pun ubah kuasa belian, apatah lagi beza negara.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Apa Itu Maksud PPP?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Maksud PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)<\/strong> atau <strong>Pariti Kuasa Beli<\/strong> ialah konsep ekonomi yang menyamakan harga \u201cbakul barang\u201d (basket of goods) yang sama merentas negara. Kalau barang yang sama (jenama, kuantiti, kualiti sama tepat) masih berbeza harga lepas tukar mata wang, itu petunjuk kuasa belian sebenar tak sama.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Istilah-istilah Dalam Purchasing Power Parity<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Maksud PPP<\/strong>: kaedah banding harga bakul barang yang sama merentas negara untuk ukur <strong>kuasa belian<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Fair value (nilai saksama)<\/strong>: anggaran nilai mata wang yang \u201cmasuk akal\u201d bila ambil kira paras harga tempatan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Basket of goods (bakul barang)<\/strong>: set barangan\/servis asas yang mewakili perbelanjaan tipikal.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"740\" height=\"406\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/10\/Basket-of-Goods-Bakung-barang.png\" alt=\"Basket of Goods - Bakul barang\" class=\"wp-image-15383\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/10\/Basket-of-Goods-Bakung-barang.png 740w, https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/10\/Basket-of-Goods-Bakung-barang-300x165.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 740px) 100vw, 740px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Apa Tujuan PPP?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Senang cerita, PPP wujud sebab kadar tukaran (market FX rate) selalu gerak ikut capital flows, sentimen, dan polisi. Benda-benda ni tak semestinya cerminkan harga barang harian. So PPP bagi kita penanda aras yang lebih rapat dengan harga sebenar yang orang bayar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Apa gunanya?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Banding taraf hidup<\/strong> antara negara: <br>Gaji sama angka tak semestinya sama \u201ckuasa\u201d bila belanja. PPP bantu kira kuasa belian yang <strong>real<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Laras statistik macam KDNK (GDP):<\/strong> <br>Guna <strong>GDP (PPP)<\/strong> untuk banding saiz ekonomi dengan lebih adil.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Keputusan bisnes &amp; HR:<\/strong> <br>Senang nak set <strong>real wage<\/strong>, bajet sewa, utiliti, dan <strong>harga input<\/strong> bila nak buka cawangan luar negara. Ramai guna untuk <strong>COLA (cost-of-living adjustment)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rujukan \u201cfair value\u201d<\/strong> mata wang (jangka panjang): <br>Bukan signal trading terus, tapi <strong>starting point<\/strong> yang baik sebelum gabung dengan <strong>interest rate<\/strong>, <strong>inflation<\/strong>, dan kitaran ekonomi.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Pengguna\/pelancong &amp; pembuat dasar:<\/strong> <br>Bantu bajet travel (makan, transport, data plan), dan mudahkan kerajaan rangka subsidi\/upah minimum ikut <strong>kuasa beli isi rumah<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Siapa patut guna PPP? <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Siapa <\/td><td>Cara PPP Membantu<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pelabur<\/td><td>Tapis negara\/pair ikut nilai relatif (fair value)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Bisnes\/HR<\/td><td>Set real wage, COLA, bajet operasi luar negara<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pembuat dasar<\/td><td>Banding taraf hidup, tetapan subsidi\/upah minimum<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Pengguna\/pelancong<\/td><td>Rancang bajet harian ikut kuasa belian<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>Nak konteks lebih luas tentang istilah dan peranan ekonomi? Lihat artikel <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/academy\/apa-maksud-ekonomi\/\">Apa Maksud Ekonomi<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Konsep PPP Ni Berfungsi Macam Mana?<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Bayang air mineral RM2 di Malaysia, tapi setara RM4 di negara lain. Untuk item sama, ringgit ada kuasa belian dua kali ganda di sini. Secara teori jangka panjang, kadar tukaran akan \u201cmenyesuaikan\u201d supaya bakul barang yang sama berharga lebih kurang sama selepas ditukar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Tapi faktor seperti cukai, kos logistik, produktiviti, dan halangan perdagangan boleh buat angka sebenar lari daripada teori, sebab itu PPP jadi <strong>baseline<\/strong> yang bagus, bukan angka muktamad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Cara Kira &amp; Baca PPP<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>1) Pilih \u201cbakul barang\u201d (basket of goods)<\/strong> <br>Gabungan barang\/servis harian (makanan, pengangkutan, utiliti, sewa). Lagi mewakili realiti, lagi bagus.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>2) Ambil harga<\/strong> <br>Kira kos bakul (atau satu item standard) dalam mata wang tempatan di dua negara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>3) Kira kadar PPP<\/strong> <br>Formula: <br><strong>PPP \u2248 Paras harga domestik \u00f7 Paras harga asing<\/strong><br>Contoh: Big Mac <strong>RM10<\/strong> (MY) \u00f7 <strong>US$5<\/strong> (AS) \u21d2 <strong>PPP \u2248 RM2\/US$1<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table class=\"has-fixed-layout\"><tbody><tr><td>Item<\/td><td>Harga MY<\/td><td>Harga AS<\/td><td>PPP (MY\/US$)<\/td><td>FX Market<\/td><td>Bacaan Pantas<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Big Mac<\/td><td>RM10<\/td><td>US$5<\/td><td><strong>RM2\/US$1<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>RM4.70\/US$1<\/strong><\/td><td>Undervalue (market &gt; PPP)<\/td><\/tr><tr><td>Set Lunch<\/td><td>RM15<\/td><td>US$8<\/td><td><strong>RM1.88\/US$1<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>RM4.70\/US$1<\/strong><\/td><td>Undervalue (market &gt; PPP)<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>4) Banding dengan FX market<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Jika <strong>FX market &gt; PPP<\/strong> \u2192 mata wang tempatan nampak <strong>undervalue<\/strong> (perlu lebih unit mata wang berbanding \u201csepatutnya\u201d ikut harga).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Jika <strong>FX market &lt; PPP<\/strong> \u2192 nampak <strong>overvalue<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>5) Ingat had realiti<\/strong> <br>Cukai, kos logistik, barang <strong>non-tradables<\/strong>, kualiti\/jenama buat harga tak sama 100%. <br>Jadi PPP = <strong>kompas<\/strong> jangka sederhana\u2013panjang, bukan isyarat entry\/exit harian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/10\/Maksud-PPP-Purchasing-Power-Parity-1024x683.png\" alt=\"Maksud PPP - Purchasing Power Parity\" class=\"wp-image-15380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/10\/Maksud-PPP-Purchasing-Power-Parity-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/10\/Maksud-PPP-Purchasing-Power-Parity-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/10\/Maksud-PPP-Purchasing-Power-Parity-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/10\/Maksud-PPP-Purchasing-Power-Parity.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Dua Jenis PPP<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Untuk memahami maksud PPP dengan lebih mendalam, jom kita tengok dua jenis Pariti Kuasa Beli ini:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>1) PPP Mutlak (Absolute PPP)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Fokus pada <strong>harga level<\/strong>. Barang\/\u201cbakul\u201d yang sama patut sama harga selepas penukaran mata wang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Contoh: Burger asas RM10 di Malaysia vs \u00a5300 di Jepun \u2192 kadar pariti kira-kira 30 \u00a5\/RM.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kalau <strong>FX market<\/strong> jauh lari (contoh 40\u201345 \u00a5\/RM), itu tanda <strong>tak setara<\/strong> dengan kuasa belian ikut harga barang.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Gunakan cara ini apabila nak banding harga level antara negara secara terus. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Had:<\/strong> Susah cari barang betul-betul <strong>identikal<\/strong> (saiz\/jenama\/cukai boleh beza).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>2) PPP Relatif (Relative PPP)<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Cara untuk tengok <strong>perubahan harga<\/strong> (<strong>inflation<\/strong>) dari masa ke masa. Perbezaan inflasi antara dua negara bermaksud kita boleh jangka ada perubahan kadar tukaran jangka panjang. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Rule of thumb:<\/strong> Jika inflasi Malaysia 3% dan AS 6%, jangkaannya <strong>ringgit menguat ~3%<\/strong> berbanding USD dalam jangka panjang (untuk kekalkan kuasa belian <strong>relatif<\/strong>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Contoh ringkas:<\/strong> Pelan data 20GB RM35 di sini, setara RM70 di negara lain. Kalau tahun depan harga di sini naik 2% tapi sana naik 7%, jurang <strong>relatif<\/strong> makin besar, jadi mata wang kita lebih kuat untuk item tersebut.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nak baca trend jangka panjang berdasarkan beza inflasi. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Had:<\/strong> Realiti dipengaruhi faktor lain (interest rate, dasar, aliran modal).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Nak faham asas <strong>inflasi<\/strong> dengan lebih jelas? Baca panduan ni: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/academy\/apa-itu-inflasi\/\">Apa Itu Inflasi<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Contoh Maksud PPP: Big Mac Index<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Cara paling mudah faham maksud PPP? Jom tengok Big Mac Index, salah satu contoh popular.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Apa sebenarnya Big Mac Index?<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ia ialah penunjuk santai (bukan rasmi) yang diperkenalkan oleh <em>The Economist<\/em> untuk jelaskan idea <strong>PPP<\/strong> kepada orang ramai. Sebab Big Mac dijual di banyak negara dengan resipi\/saiz yang hampir sama, harganya boleh dijadikan \u201c<strong>proxy<\/strong>\u201d untuk banding <strong>kuasa belian<\/strong> antara negara.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kenapa guna Big Mac?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Produk standard global (lebih \u201cidentikal\u201d berbanding banyak barang lain).<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Mudah difaham &amp; senang dapat data harga.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Sesuai sebagai contoh pantas bila menerangkan PPP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"742\" height=\"413\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/10\/Big-Mac-Index-Contoh-PPP.png\" alt=\"Big Mac Index - Contoh PPP\" class=\"wp-image-15381\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/10\/Big-Mac-Index-Contoh-PPP.png 742w, https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/10\/Big-Mac-Index-Contoh-PPP-300x167.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 742px) 100vw, 742px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Kira macam mana?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>PPP Big Mac \u2248 Harga Big Mac tempatan \u00f7 Harga Big Mac AS. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Contoh:<\/em> RM10 \u00f7 US$5 = RM2\/US$1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Cara Baca keputusan:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>FX &gt; PPP<\/strong> \u2192 mata wang tempatan nampak <strong>undervalue<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>FX &lt; PPP<\/strong> \u2192 nampak <strong>overvalue<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Contoh:<\/strong> Jika FX pasaran RM4.70\/US$1 tapi PPP Big Mac RM2\/US$1, mata wang kelihatan <strong>undervalue<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Limitasi:<\/strong> Satu produk saja, dipengaruhi sewa\/gaji\/cukai\/strategi harga tempatan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kelebihan PPP<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Untuk fahami maksud PPP dengan terperinci, mari kita lihat kelebihannya:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Perbandingan kos hidup yang lebih adil<\/strong> <br>PPP guna \u201cbasket of goods\u201d, jadi kita banding <strong>kuasa belian sebenar<\/strong> antara negara \u2014 bukan sekadar angka tukaran. Senang nak faham taraf hidup setara.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Sesuai untuk analisis jangka panjang<\/strong> <br>Paras harga bergerak lebih perlahan berbanding FX harian. PPP bagi \u201ckompas\u201d nilai saksama (fair value) yang lebih stabil untuk lihat arah besar.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Melaras statistik ekonomi (GDP PPP, pendapatan)<\/strong> <br>Guna PPP, angka KDNK\/pendapatan jadi lebih setara untuk perbandingan antarabangsa. Berguna untuk laporan, penyelidikan, dan policy planning.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Bantu keputusan bisnes &amp; HR<\/strong> <br>Senang nak tetapkan gaji sebenar (real wage), kos operasi, dan bajet pembesaran luar negara. Juga asas kepada <strong>COLA (cost-of-living adjustment)<\/strong>.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Rujukan awal penilaian mata wang<\/strong> <br>PPP bagi gambaran <strong>fair value relatif<\/strong> mata wang. Penganalisis makro akan gabung dengan faktor lain (interest rate, inflation, growth) untuk view yang lengkap.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kekurangan PPP<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Namun, PPP juga ada kelemahan yang perlu anda tahu. Nak mendalami maksud PPP, kena faham sisi kurangnya juga.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Cari produk benar-benar identikal itu susah<\/strong> <br>Jenama, kualiti, saiz, spesifikasi \u2014 bila tak sama 100%, bacaan PPP boleh \u201ctercemar\u201d. Satu item (contoh Big Mac) hanya indikator ringan.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Kurang sesuai untuk trading jangka pendek<\/strong> <br>PPP tak bagi timing signal. Ia baik untuk panduan jangka sederhana-panjang, tapi bukan untuk entry\/exit intraday.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Tak tangkap semua faktor dunia sebenar<\/strong> <br>Perbezaan <strong>kualiti\/jenama<\/strong>, cukai\/tarif, kos logistik, dan struktur rantaian bekalan boleh buat harga lari daripada \u201cpariti\u201d yang ideal.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Halangan dagang &amp; kos pengangkutan<\/strong> <br>Barang tak didagang (non-tradables) macam sewa\/gunting rambut, serta kos hantar barang rentas negara, jadikan pariti harga sukar dicapai.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Perbezaan produktiviti &amp; upah<\/strong> <br>Produktiviti sektor\/negara yang berbeza mempengaruhi kos dan harga akhir \u2014 ini tak selalu tercermin sempurna dalam kiraan PPP.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kaitan PPP dengan Trading<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Dalam forex, PPP lebih kepada rujukan jangka sederhana-panjang. Trader makro guna PPP untuk tengok sama ada mata wang nampak terlalu kuat\/lemah, kemudian gabungkan dengan faktor lain seperti <strong>interest rate<\/strong>, <strong>inflation<\/strong>, dan kitaran ekonomi. Untuk intraday, PPP bukan <strong>signal<\/strong> masuk\/keluar, tapi berguna untuk bina <strong>bias<\/strong> dan jangkaan apabila jurang kuasa belian mengecil.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><img decoding=\"async\" width=\"736\" height=\"524\" src=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/10\/Pariti-Kuasa-Beli-Maksud-PPP.png\" alt=\"Pariti Kuasa Beli - Maksud PPP\" class=\"wp-image-15382\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/10\/Pariti-Kuasa-Beli-Maksud-PPP.png 736w, https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/10\/Pariti-Kuasa-Beli-Maksud-PPP-300x214.png 300w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 736px) 100vw, 736px\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Kesimpulan &#8211; Fahami Maksud PPP<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Ringkasnya, <strong>Maksud PPP<\/strong> bantu kita tengok <strong>kuasa belian sebenar<\/strong> antara negara\u2014berguna untuk banding kos hidup, laras angka ekonomi (macam GDP), dan beri gambaran awal <strong>fair value<\/strong> mata wang. Dalam trading, anggap PPP sebagai <strong>kompas<\/strong> jangka sederhana\u2013panjang, bukan penentu entry\/exit harian.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Kalau nak teruskan belajar topik berkaitan ekonomi\/trading <strong>atau<\/strong> bila dah bersedia nak mula berdagang, boleh rujuk bahan edukasi di <strong>Ultima Markets Academy.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Kenali Maksud PPP (Purchasing Power Parity atau Pariti Kuasa Beli), cara ia berfungsi, jenis-jenis dan contoh Big Mac Index.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":53,"featured_media":15379,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,66,78],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-15378","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-academy","category-academy-guide","category-academy-new-article"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.2 (Yoast SEO v27.6) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Apa Maksud PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)? | Ultima Markets<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Kenali Maksud PPP (Purchasing Power Parity atau Pariti Kuasa Beli), cara ia berfungsi, jenis-jenis dan contoh Big Mac Index.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"ms_MY\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Apa Maksud PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)?\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Kenali Maksud PPP (Purchasing Power Parity atau Pariti Kuasa Beli), cara ia berfungsi, jenis-jenis dan contoh Big Mac Index.\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15378\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Ultima Markets\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ultimamarketsglobal\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-10-17T11:29:24+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-10-17T11:32:20+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/10\/Maksud-PPP.png\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"393\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"179\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/png\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"melissa\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:creator\" content=\"@UltimaMarkets\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:site\" content=\"@UltimaMarkets\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Written by\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"melissa\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"7 minit\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ultimamarkets.com\\\/ms\\\/academy\\\/apa-maksud-ppp-purchasing-power-parity\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ultimamarkets.com\\\/ms\\\/academy\\\/apa-maksud-ppp-purchasing-power-parity\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"melissa\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ultimamarkets.com\\\/ms\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9977e51d4965d693d1187f5070602109\"},\"headline\":\"Apa Maksud PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)?\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-17T11:29:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-17T11:32:20+00:00\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ultimamarkets.com\\\/ms\\\/academy\\\/apa-maksud-ppp-purchasing-power-parity\\\/\"},\"wordCount\":1458,\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ultimamarkets.com\\\/ms\\\/academy\\\/apa-maksud-ppp-purchasing-power-parity\\\/#primaryimage\"},\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ultimamarkets.com\\\/ms\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/25\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/Maksud-PPP.png\",\"articleSection\":[\"Academy\",\"Academy Guide\",\"Academy New Article\"],\"inLanguage\":\"ms-MY\"},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ultimamarkets.com\\\/ms\\\/wp-json\\\/wp\\\/v2\\\/posts\\\/15378\",\"name\":\"Apa Maksud PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)? | Ultima Markets\",\"thumbnailUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ultimamarkets.com\\\/ms\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/25\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/Maksud-PPP.png\",\"datePublished\":\"2025-10-17T11:29:24+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2025-10-17T11:32:20+00:00\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ultimamarkets.com\\\/ms\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/9977e51d4965d693d1187f5070602109\"},\"description\":\"Kenali Maksud PPP (Purchasing Power Parity atau Pariti Kuasa Beli), cara ia berfungsi, jenis-jenis dan contoh Big Mac Index.\",\"inLanguage\":\"ms-MY\"},{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"inLanguage\":\"ms-MY\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ultimamarkets.com\\\/ms\\\/academy\\\/apa-maksud-ppp-purchasing-power-parity\\\/#primaryimage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ultimamarkets.com\\\/ms\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/25\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/Maksud-PPP.png\",\"contentUrl\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ultimamarkets.com\\\/ms\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/sites\\\/25\\\/2025\\\/10\\\/Maksud-PPP.png\",\"width\":393,\"height\":179,\"caption\":\"Maksud PPP\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ultimamarkets.com\\\/ms\\\/wp-json\\\/wp\\\/v2\\\/posts\\\/15378#breadcrumb\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ultimamarkets.com\\\/ms\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"posts\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ultimamarkets.com\\\/ms\\\/wp-json\\\/wp\\\/v2\\\/posts\"},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"Apa Maksud PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)?\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/www.ultimamarkets.com\\\/ms\\\/wp-json\\\/wp\\\/v2\\\/posts\\\/15378\"}]}]}<\/script>\n<!-- \/ Yoast SEO Premium plugin. -->","yoast_head_json":{"title":"Apa Maksud PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)? | Ultima Markets","description":"Kenali Maksud PPP (Purchasing Power Parity atau Pariti Kuasa Beli), cara ia berfungsi, jenis-jenis dan contoh Big Mac Index.","robots":{"index":"index","follow":"follow","max-snippet":"max-snippet:-1","max-image-preview":"max-image-preview:large","max-video-preview":"max-video-preview:-1"},"og_locale":"ms_MY","og_type":"article","og_title":"Apa Maksud PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)?","og_description":"Kenali Maksud PPP (Purchasing Power Parity atau Pariti Kuasa Beli), cara ia berfungsi, jenis-jenis dan contoh Big Mac Index.","og_url":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15378","og_site_name":"Ultima Markets","article_publisher":"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/ultimamarketsglobal","article_published_time":"2025-10-17T11:29:24+00:00","article_modified_time":"2025-10-17T11:32:20+00:00","og_image":[{"width":393,"height":179,"url":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/10\/Maksud-PPP.png","type":"image\/png"}],"author":"melissa","twitter_card":"summary_large_image","twitter_creator":"@UltimaMarkets","twitter_site":"@UltimaMarkets","twitter_misc":{"Written by":"melissa","Est. reading time":"7 minit"},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/academy\/apa-maksud-ppp-purchasing-power-parity\/#article","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/academy\/apa-maksud-ppp-purchasing-power-parity\/"},"author":{"name":"melissa","@id":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/#\/schema\/person\/9977e51d4965d693d1187f5070602109"},"headline":"Apa Maksud PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)?","datePublished":"2025-10-17T11:29:24+00:00","dateModified":"2025-10-17T11:32:20+00:00","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/academy\/apa-maksud-ppp-purchasing-power-parity\/"},"wordCount":1458,"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/academy\/apa-maksud-ppp-purchasing-power-parity\/#primaryimage"},"thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/10\/Maksud-PPP.png","articleSection":["Academy","Academy Guide","Academy New Article"],"inLanguage":"ms-MY"},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"","url":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15378","name":"Apa Maksud PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)? | Ultima Markets","thumbnailUrl":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/10\/Maksud-PPP.png","datePublished":"2025-10-17T11:29:24+00:00","dateModified":"2025-10-17T11:32:20+00:00","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/#\/schema\/person\/9977e51d4965d693d1187f5070602109"},"description":"Kenali Maksud PPP (Purchasing Power Parity atau Pariti Kuasa Beli), cara ia berfungsi, jenis-jenis dan contoh Big Mac Index.","inLanguage":"ms-MY"},{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"ms-MY","@id":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/academy\/apa-maksud-ppp-purchasing-power-parity\/#primaryimage","url":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/10\/Maksud-PPP.png","contentUrl":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/25\/2025\/10\/Maksud-PPP.png","width":393,"height":179,"caption":"Maksud PPP"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15378#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"posts","item":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":3,"name":"Apa Maksud PPP (Purchasing Power Parity)?","item":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15378"}]}]}},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15378","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/53"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=15378"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/15378\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/15379"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=15378"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=15378"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ultimamarkets.com\/ms\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=15378"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}