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英央行将逐步降息,瑞央行降至零利率

周四,外汇市场波动加剧,英格兰银行(BoE)与瑞士国家银行(SNB)先后公布货币政策决议,显示两大欧洲央行在利率路径上分歧加大。

英国央行按兵不动,释放审慎降息信号

英格兰银行如市场预期维持基准利率在4.25%不变。然而,投票结果显示货币政策委员会(MPC)中有3位成员支持立即降息,显示内部开始出现更偏鸽派的倾向,略超市场预期。

虽然BoE强调未来政策调整将是“渐进且审慎”的,但这次投票结果表明降息的势头正在酝酿中。

政策转向的关键因素包括:

  • 就业市场疲软:6月薪资数据显示录得自2020年以来最大月度下降,劳动力需求趋弱。
  • 通胀顽固:5月整体通胀降至3.4%,但服务类通胀仍然高企,核心通胀压力依然顽固。
  • 外部风险:中东局势紧张、油价上涨(约77美元/桶)、以及美国关税不确定性对英国经济构成额外压力。

英国央行经济展望与市场预期

英国央行同时更新了经济预测,显示经济增长温和改善但风险仍存:

  • 通胀:预计将在三季度接近3.7%的峰值,年底或将回落至3.5%。
  • 经济增长:第二季度增速略微上调至约0.25%,但整体动能仍偏弱。

市场目前预计英国央行将在8月开启首次降息,年底前政策利率可能降至3.75%,前提是通胀趋势持续缓解、经济活动温和降温。

瑞士央行降息至0%,正式结束紧缩周期

相较于英国央行的审慎立场,瑞士国家银行采取更果断的行动,将政策利率下调25个基点至0%,正式宣告自2022年末启动的加息周期结束。这是自2024年3月以来的第六次降息,也是自2022年以来首次回归零利率水平。

此次降息的主要原因包括国内通胀压力缓解以及瑞郎持续升值。因全球地缘政治不确定性带动避险资金流入,帮助抑制进口通胀,为宽松政策提供空间。

SNB政策声明与前瞻指引

SNB在政策声明中指出以下几点:

  • 本轮降息意在对抗低通胀趋势,并减轻瑞郎升值压力;
  • 全球风险仍然存在,包括贸易壁垒、地缘冲突与全球需求放缓;
  • SNB已向中性政策靠拢,但仍保留灵活应对空间,若通胀偏离目标,将再次采取行动。

外汇干预与负利率选项仍未完全排除

SNB在声明中特别强调其仍保留使用外汇市场工具的灵活性。外汇干预仍是管理瑞郎升值的重要工具;而负利率政策虽未完全排除,但将极为谨慎考虑,以避免金融稳定与银行盈利能力的副作用。

英镑兑瑞郎:政策分歧反弹

受英国与瑞士货币政策分歧加剧推动,GBPCHF汇价自两个月低点1.0950反弹,市场预期BoE在短期内将更为谨慎,相比SNB更不急于宽松,这提振了英镑走势。

GBPCHF四小时图分析 | 来源:Ultima Market MT5

GBPCHF四小时图分析 | 来源:Ultima Market MT5

技术面上,1.0950–1.1050构成关键区间。若汇价未能有效突破此区间,短线仍将维持震荡。若后续能明确突破此区域,方向性机会或将浮现。

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